{"id":2708,"date":"2021-09-10T06:47:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-10T06:47:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/?p=2708"},"modified":"2021-09-10T13:51:35","modified_gmt":"2021-09-10T13:51:35","slug":"mastering-without-monitors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/mastering-without-monitors\/","title":{"rendered":"Mastering Music Without Monitors: Mixing And Mastering On Headphones"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I was taught that you absolutely can&#8217;t mix or master on headphones, and for good reason.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>When working in headphones, your mix or master can sound great! It can sound clear and wide, but then when you try listening to your song in other environments or on other devices, it just doesn&#8217;t translate well.<\/p>\n<p>But this brings up a big problem. What if you can&#8217;t afford expensive studio monitors, or don&#8217;t have the money to invest in creating an acoustically-treated studio?&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Some might say, &#8220;Hey, just pay someone else to master!&#8221; But if you&#8217;re wanting to release a lot of music, the costs for paying for mastering can add up very quickly.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;ll tell you what, if that&#8217;s you, I can relate because I&#8217;m actually in the same boat.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For people like us, our only option is mastering in headphones.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Thankfully, if you apply the tips in this article, you can still create great, professional-sounding masters that translate well&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Just using headphones.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"t-1631190083125\">Advantages To Working In Headphones<\/h2>\n<p>Before diving into the tips, I just wanted to state that there are actually some advantages to working in headphones.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Even if you have studio monitors (which I do) using them in an unideal room that hasn&#8217;t been acoustically treated (which I have) can cause your ears to be tricked.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For example, bass frequencies can be lost through your walls, or collect in the corners of your room, which can make it hard for you to really hear the bass.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>This can cause you to erroneously increase the bass in your mix or master so that it sounds good in your room on your monitors, but then you find when you listen to it back on other devices&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>You hear a lot of mud, and way too much bass. &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>So by working in headphones, you eliminate the room from what you&#8217;re hearing.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Additionally, listening back on headphones can make &#8220;quality control&#8221; easier.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>You may find it&#8217;s easier to hear those little errors, sounds, or noises you don&#8217;t want in your song, and address them.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>So while listening back on monitors in an acoustically treated room is the ideal listening environment, if you don&#8217;t have that, there are some advantages to using headphones.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"t-1631190083127\">1. Use The RIGHT Headphones<\/h2>\n<p>This one is probably pretty obvious, but if you are going to be mastering with headphones, you want to make sure you are using the RIGHT kind of headphones.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>But which kinds are right?&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In short, there are three key &#8220;check boxes&#8221; you want your mastering headphones to check.<\/p>\n<p>You want your headphones to be:&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Linear in frequency response<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>High impedance rating<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Open-backed design<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Frequency Response<\/h3>\n<p>Well, you&#8217;re going to want to get the most linear or &#8220;boring&#8221; kind of headphones you can get.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>You don&#8217;t want to use wireless headphones, as those use bluetooth, which results in a lossy audio signal.<\/p>\n<p>You also wouldn&#8217;t want to use any headphones that provide a boost in any frequency range, like bass for example.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Probably the most egregious pair of headphones to use would be something like Beats by Dr. Dre (most overrated headphones ever?). &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Here is what the frequency response of Beats is:<\/p>\n<p><span><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"2765\" width=\"631\" data-init-width=\"799\" height=\"172\" data-init-height=\"218\" title=\"beats-by-dre-frequency-response-chart\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/beats-by-dre-frequency-response-chart.jpeg\" data-width=\"631\" data-height=\"172\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>This graph shows what you hear when wearing Beats. The X axis is showing the frequencies, from 20Hz to 20kHz (which is what the human range is.)<\/p>\n<p>The idea is that the line in this graph for all headphones and speakers, especially when mixing and mastering, should be as flat as possible.<\/p>\n<p>Does this look flat to you?&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>High Impedance Rating<\/h3>\n<blockquote><p>Impedance is the effective resistance of an electric circuit or component to alternating current, arising from the combined effects of ohmic resistance and reactance<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Or, in plain English, impedance is a measure of the opposition to electrical flow. It&#8217;s how hard, or easy, it is for an electric signal to travel to a cable, in our case, a headphone cable.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Impedance is measured in &#8220;ohms&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Headphones are usually rated between 8-600 ohms, with a standard around 32.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The higher the rating, the more efficient the headphones, and the higher the quality.&nbsp;However, headphones with a higher rating will also require a higher-quality audio interface, so if you&#8217;re plugging directly into a laptop, you might need headphones with a lower rating.<\/p>\n<h3>Open-Backed<\/h3>\n<p>You&#8217;re also going to want to use open-backed headphones, as opposed to closed back.<\/p>\n<p>Open-backed headphones allow for some degree of air and sound to pass through the cups, which can proivde a greater sense of depth and a truer portrayal of low frequency information.<\/p>\n<p>In other words, you&#8217;re going to get a more accurate picture of your mix or master by using open-backed headphones.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Best Headphones For Mastering<\/h3>\n<p>With these three factors in mind, what are the best pair of headphones to get for mixing and mastering?&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>One pair that has been around for a long time, and generally regarded as one of the best for mixing and mastering is the Sennheiser HD600. With their flat frequency response, high impedance rating, and open-backed design, they are great for mixing and mastering.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>They&#8217;re also the pair that I use!<\/p>\n<p>But, if you want options, another great choice are the Beyerdynamic DT 880s.<\/p>\n<p>Recommended<span style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/HD600\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"2771\" width=\"290\" data-init-width=\"558\" height=\"390\" data-init-height=\"750\" title=\"HD600-large\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/HD600-large.jpeg\" data-width=\"290\" data-height=\"390\" style=\"\" mt-d=\"-4.031000000000006\" center-v-d=\"false\" mt-t=\"-65\" mt-m=\"-86\" data-link-wrap=\"true\"><\/a><span style=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Sennheiser HD600<\/h4>\n<p style=\"\">Overall Rating: <strong>4.7\/5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A masterpiece of neutrality. Excellent for mixing and mastering. An industry standard.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/DT880\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"2770\" width=\"290\" data-init-width=\"587\" height=\"390\" data-init-height=\"750\" title=\"DT880-large\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DT880-large.jpeg\" data-width=\"290\" data-height=\"390\" style=\"\" mt-d=\"-4.031000000000006\" center-v-d=\"false\" mt-t=\"-65\" mt-m=\"-86\" data-link-wrap=\"true\"><\/a><span style=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Beyerdynamic DT 880<\/h4>\n<p style=\"\">Overall Rating: <strong>4.5\/5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Natural, vibrant sound as well as excellent spacious reproduction.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"t-1631190083128\">2. Use Reference Tracks<\/h2>\n<p>The next thing you&#8217;re going to want to do is use reference tracks.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Reference tracks are professionally mastered songs in your genre that you&#8217;d like your song to compare to, or stack up against.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Just drop your references into your DAW, or into a mastering tool if you have one, like iZotope&#8217;s Ozone or IK Multimedia&#8217;s T-RackS.<\/p>\n<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/go.skimresources.com?id=191327X1662765&amp;xs=1&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.izotope.com%2Fen%2Fproducts%2Fozone.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"2776\" width=\"323\" data-init-width=\"1280\" height=\"201\" data-init-height=\"795\" title=\"track-referencing\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/track-referencing.png\" data-width=\"323\" data-height=\"201\" data-link-wrap=\"true\"><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/go.skimresources.com?id=191327X1662765&amp;xs=1&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.izotope.com%2Fen%2Fproducts%2Fozone.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">iZotope&#8217;s Ozone<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/go.skimresources.com?id=191327X1662765&amp;xs=1&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ikmultimedia.com%2Fproducts%2Ftr5%2F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"2775\" width=\"375\" data-init-width=\"1200\" height=\"200\" data-init-height=\"641\" title=\"t racks mastering\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/t-racks-mastering.jpg\" data-width=\"375\" data-height=\"200\" mt-d=\"0\" ml-d=\"-3.218999999999994\" style=\"\" data-link-wrap=\"true\"><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/go.skimresources.com?id=191327X1662765&amp;xs=1&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ikmultimedia.com%2Fproducts%2Ftr5%2F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IK Multimedia&#8217;s T-RackS<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>You certainly don&#8217;t need a tool like Ozone or T-RackS to master your music, but they do have some very helpful features, such as matching the EQ curve of your song to that of your reference.<\/p>\n<h3>Why Should You Use References?<\/h3>\n<p>You don&#8217;t need a fancy tool, but what you DO want to do is listen to your reference track and compare it to yours. (Just make sure to volume match so that your two tracks are roughly the same volume when comparing).<\/p>\n<p>Trying to master your song without a reference is like being told:<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Hey, go draw a picture of your car from memory.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Could you do it? Probably. But would the picture be better if you could actually be looking at your car as you&#8217;re trying to draw it? Definitely.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>That&#8217;s the power of references.<\/p>\n<p>When comparing your song to the reference, you&#8217;ll want to listen for a few specific things:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>How does the volume level of your bass compare to the reference?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>How does your high-end compare to the reference?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>What about your mids?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You&#8217;re not trying to get your track to sound exactly like the master, but you&#8217;re listening to see if the relationships between each of your frequency ranges are comparable to the reference.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>If your track closely matches the reference, odds are good that it will translate well outside of your headphones and studio.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"t-1631190083129\">3. Listen Back At a Consistent Level<\/h2>\n<p>Now, as you go to make adjustments, be sure to listen back at a consistent level.<\/p>\n<p>The ideal listening volume is 85-90db, because that is the volume level that the human hear hears all frequencies the most linearly.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/mixvolume\/\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"outline: none;\" rel=\"noopener\">If you want to know more about the ideal listening level while mixing, then check out my article here.<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"tcb-post-list tve-content-list thrv_wrapper\" data-type=\"list\" data-pagination-type=\"none\" data-pages_near_current=\"2\" data-css=\"tve-u-17bcb47f934\" data-total_post_count=\"1\" data-total_sticky_count=\"0\" data-disabled-links=\"0\" data-no_posts_text=\"\"><article id=\"post-1206\" class=\"post-1206 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-production tag-loudness tag-mixing tag-volume post-wrapper thrv_wrapper thrive-animated-item  tve_evt_manager_listen tve_ea_thrive_animation tve_et_mouseover tve_anim_grow\" tcb_hover_state_parent=\"\" class=\"tve_evt_manager_listen tve_ea_thrive_animation tve_et_mouseover tve_anim_grow\" data-selector=\".post-wrapper\"><style class=\"tcb-post-list-dynamic-style\" type=\"text\/css\">@media (min-width: 300px){[].tcb-post-list #post-1206 []{background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)), url(&#8220;https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/nicholas-santoianni-k-1evDrrzY-unsplash-1024x721.jpg&#8220;) !important;}[].tcb-post-list #post-1206 []:hover []{background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)), url(&#8220;https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/nicholas-santoianni-k-1evDrrzY-unsplash-1024x721.jpg&#8220;) !important;}}<\/style><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"t-1631190083136\"><span data-shortcode=\"tcb_post_title\" data-shortcode-name=\"Post title\" data-extra_key=\"\" data-attr-link=\"1\" data-attr-target=\"0\" data-attr-rel=\"0\" data-option-inline=\"1\" data-attr-static-link=\"{&quot;className&quot;:&quot;tve-froala fr-basic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;#&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;tve-froala fr-basic&quot;}\" data-attr-css=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/mixvolume\/\" title=\"What Volume Should I Mix At? (How Loud Should You Mix)\" data-css=\"\" class=\"tve-froala fr-basic\">What Volume Should I Mix At? (How Loud Should You Mix)<\/a><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/mixvolume\/\" style=\"\"><span><span>\u200bRead More<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/article><\/div>\n<p>Now, you don&#8217;t want to listen too long at this volume level, as it is quite loud, and listening too long at this volume will fatigue your ears quickly, and beyond that, could even damage your hearing.<\/p>\n<p>There&#8217;s a problem with shooting for this level on headphones, though. You can&#8217;t easily measure if you&#8217;re at the right volume level on headphones.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>So at the very least, what you&#8217;ll want to do is be sure to match your song&#8217;s volume level to that of the reference.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>You can also be sure that you&#8217;re actually improving your song, and not just making it louder, by placing your limiter first.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Not first in the plugin chain (limiter always goes last), but have it on from the beginning so your song&#8217;s volume is set correctly.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>From there, any new plugins you add, be sure they are not increasing the volume at all by adjusting the output settings on each plugin as necessary.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"t-1631190083130\">4. Use A Timer<\/h2>\n<p>Mastering is supposed to be a fast process. Ideally, you&#8217;re not spending more than 20 minutes mastering a song.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>This is because the longer you listen to a song, the more fatigued your ears get, and harder it is to make objective decisions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In order to help yourself stay focused and making decisive decisions, consider masterings with a timer.<\/p>\n<p>If you know the clock is ticking, it can help you stay focused, and not get lost in the weeds.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>After all, if you did your job mixing, then there shouldn&#8217;t be any major changes to make.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mastering is just for sweetening and letting the final volume level so that it can compete with all the other songs out there.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"t-1631190083131\">5. Use A Tonal Balance Tool<\/h2>\n<h2 id=\"t-1631190083132\">6. Use An Imaging Tool<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Lissajous Vectorscope &#8211; &nbsp;a scope that plots stereo positions of the signal on diamond-shaped display&nbsp; &#8211; Izotope Insight, want it to be verticle<\/li>\n<li>Only add width to the midrange and above<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"t-1631190083133\">7. Turn Your Headphones Into A Professional Studio<\/h2>\n<h2 id=\"t-1631190083134\">8. Test On Other Devices<\/h2>\n<h2 id=\"t-1631190083135\">Bonus: Just Do It!<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I was taught that you absolutely can&#8217;t mix or master on headphones, and for good reason.&nbsp; When working in headphones, your mix or master can sound great! It can sound clear and wide, but then when you try listening to your song in other environments or on other devices, it just doesn&#8217;t translate well. But [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2711,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[198,108,107],"class_list":{"0":"post-2708","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-production","8":"tag-headphones","9":"tag-mastering","10":"tag-mixing","11":"post-wrapper","12":"thrv_wrapper","15":"thrive-animated-item"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2708","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2708"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2708\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2796,"href":"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2708\/revisions\/2796"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2711"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2708"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2708"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orpheusaudioacademy.com\/stagingnew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2708"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}